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Filename : Data::Validate::IP.3pm
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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Data::Validate::IP 3"
.TH Data::Validate::IP 3 "2022-11-28" "perl v5.32.1" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
Data::Validate::IP \- IPv4 and IPv6 validation methods
.SH "VERSION"
.IX Header "VERSION"
version 0.31
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&  use Data::Validate::IP qw(is_ipv4 is_ipv6);
\&
\&  my $suspect = \*(Aq1.2.3.4\*(Aq;
\&  if (is_ipv4($suspect)) {
\&      print "Looks like an IPv4 address";
\&  }
\&  else {
\&      print "Not an IPv4 address\en";
\&  }
\&
\&  $suspect = \*(Aq::1234\*(Aq;
\&  if (is_ipv6($suspect)) {
\&      print "Looks like an IPv6 address";
\&  }
\&  else {
\&      print "Not an IPv6 address\en";
\&  }
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This module provides a number \s-1IP\s0 address validation subs that both validate and
untaint their input. This includes both basic validation (\f(CW\*(C`is_ipv4()\*(C'\fR and
\&\f(CW\*(C`is_ipv6()\*(C'\fR) and special cases like checking whether an address belongs to a
specific network or whether an address is public or private (reserved).
.SH "USAGE AND SECURITY RECOMMENDATIONS"
.IX Header "USAGE AND SECURITY RECOMMENDATIONS"
It's important to understand that if \f(CW\*(C`is_ipv4($ip)\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`is_ipv6($ip)\*(C'\fR, or
\&\f(CW\*(C`is_ip($ip)\*(C'\fR return false, then all other validation functions for that \s-1IP\s0
address family will \fIalso\fR return false. So for example, if \f(CW\*(C`is_ipv4($ip)\*(C'\fR
returns false, then \f(CW\*(C`is_private_ipv4($ip)\*(C'\fR \fIand\fR \f(CW\*(C`is_public_ipv4($ip)\*(C'\fR will
both also return false.
.PP
This means that simply calling \f(CW\*(C`is_private_ipv4($ip)\*(C'\fR by itself is not
sufficient if you are dealing with untrusted input. You should always check
\&\f(CW\*(C`is_ipv4($ip)\*(C'\fR as well. This applies as well when using IPv6 functions or
generic functions like \f(CW\*(C`is_private_ip($ip)\*(C'\fR.
.PP
There are security implications to this around certain oddly formed addresses.
Notably, an address like \*(L"010.0.0.1\*(R" is technically valid, but the operating
system will treat \*(L"010\*(R" as an octal number. That means that \*(L"010.0.0.1\*(R" is
equivalent to \*(L"8.0.0.1\*(R", \fInot\fR \*(L"10.0.0.1\*(R".
.PP
However, this module's \f(CW\*(C`is_ipv4($ip)\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`is_ip($ip)\*(C'\fR functions will return
false for addresses like \*(L"010.0.0.1\*(R" which have octal components. And of course
that means that it also returns false for \f(CW\*(C`is_private_ipv4($ip)\*(C'\fR \fIand\fR
\&\f(CW\*(C`is_public_ipv4($ip)\*(C'\fR.
.SH "FUNCTIONS"
.IX Header "FUNCTIONS"
All of the functions below are exported by default.
.PP
All functions return an untainted value if the test passes and undef if it
fails. In theory, this means that you should always check for a defined status
explicitly but in practice there are no valid \s-1IP\s0 addresses where the string
form evaluates to false in Perl.
.PP
Note that none of these functions actually attempt to test whether the given \s-1IP\s0
address is routable from your device; they are purely semantic checks.
.SS "is_ipv4($ip), is_ipv6($ip), is_ip($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_ipv4($ip), is_ipv6($ip), is_ip($ip)"
These functions simply check whether the address is a valid IPv4 or IPv6
address.
.ie n .SS "is_innet_ipv4($ip, $network)"
.el .SS "is_innet_ipv4($ip, \f(CW$network\fP)"
.IX Subsection "is_innet_ipv4($ip, $network)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the given IPv4 network.
The \f(CW$network\fR argument can either be a string in \s-1CIDR\s0 notation like
\&\*(L"15.0.15.0/24\*(R" or a NetAddr::IP object.
.PP
This subroutine used to accept many more forms of network specifications
(anything Net::Netmask accepts) but this has been deprecated.
.SS "is_unroutable_ipv4($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_unroutable_ipv4($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to any of several special
use IPv4 networks \- \f(CW\*(C`0.0.0.0/8\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`100.64.0.0/10\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`192.0.0.0/29\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`198.18.0.0/15\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`240.0.0.0/4\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
5735\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5735>, \s-1RFC
6333\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6333>, and \s-1RFC
6958\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6598>.
.PP
Arguably, these should be broken down further but this subroutine will always
exist for backwards compatibility.
.SS "is_private_ipv4($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_private_ipv4($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to any of the private IPv4
networks \- \f(CW\*(C`10.0.0.0/8\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`172.16.0.0/12\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`192.168.0.0/16\*(C'\fR \- as defined by
\&\s-1RFC 5735\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5735>.
.SS "is_loopback_ipv4($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_loopback_ipv4($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv4 loopback network
\&\- \f(CW\*(C`127.0.0.0/8\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
5735\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5735>.
.SS "is_linklocal_ipv4($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_linklocal_ipv4($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv4 link local
network \- \f(CW\*(C`169.254.0.0/16\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
5735\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5735>.
.SS "is_testnet_ipv4($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_testnet_ipv4($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to any of the IPv4 TEST-NET
networks for use in documentation and example code \- \f(CW\*(C`192.0.2.0/24\*(C'\fR,
\&\f(CW\*(C`198.51.100.0/24\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`203.0.113.0/24\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
5735\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5735>.
.SS "is_anycast_ipv4($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_anycast_ipv4($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the 6to4 relay anycast
network \- \f(CW\*(C`192.88.99.0/24\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
5735\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5735>.
.SS "is_multicast_ipv4($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_multicast_ipv4($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv4 multicast
network \- \f(CW\*(C`224.0.0.0/4\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
5735\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5735>.
.SS "is_loopback_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_loopback_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address is the IPv6 loopback address \-
\&\f(CW\*(C`::1/128\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC 4291\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291>.
.SS "is_ipv4_mapped_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_ipv4_mapped_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 IPv4\-mapped
address network \- \f(CW\*(C`::ffff:0:0/96\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
4291\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291>.
.SS "is_discard_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_discard_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 discard prefix
network \- \f(CW\*(C`100::/64\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
6666\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6666>.
.SS "is_special_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_special_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 special network
\&\- \f(CW\*(C`2001::/23\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC 2928\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2928>.
.SS "is_teredo_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_teredo_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 \s-1TEREDO\s0 network \-
\&\f(CW\*(C`2001::/32\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC 4380\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4380>.
.PP
Note that this network is a subnet of the larger special network at
\&\f(CW\*(C`2001::/23\*(C'\fR.
.SS "is_orchid_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_orchid_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 \s-1ORCHID\s0 network \-
\&\f(CW\*(C`2001::/32\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC 4380\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4380>.
.PP
Note that this network is a subnet of the larger special network at
\&\f(CW\*(C`2001::/23\*(C'\fR.
.PP
This network is currently scheduled to be returned to the special pool in March
of 2014 unless the \s-1IETF\s0 extends its use. If that happens this subroutine will
continue to exist but will always return false.
.SS "is_documentation_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_documentation_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 documentation
network \- \f(CW\*(C`2001:DB8::/32\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
3849\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3849>.
.SS "is_unspecified_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_unspecified_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 unspecified
network \- \f(CW\*(C`::0/128\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
4291\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291>.. Note that the address in this subnet
is neither private nor public.
.SS "is_private_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_private_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 private network
\&\- \f(CW\*(C`FC00::/7\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC 4193\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4193>.
.SS "is_linklocal_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_linklocal_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 link-local
unicast network \- \f(CW\*(C`FE80::/10\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
4291\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291>.
.SS "is_multicast_ipv6($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_multicast_ipv6($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv6 multicast
network \- \f(CW\*(C`FF00::/8\*(C'\fR \- as defined by \s-1RFC
4291\s0 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291>.
.SS "is_public_ipv4($ip), is_public_ipv6($ip), is_public_ip($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_public_ipv4($ip), is_public_ipv6($ip), is_public_ip($ip)"
These subroutines check whether the given \s-1IP\s0 address belongs to any of the
special case networks defined previously. Note that this is \fBnot\fR simply the
opposite of checking \f(CW\*(C`is_private_ipv4()\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`is_private_ipv6()\*(C'\fR. The private
networks are a subset of all the special case networks.
.SS "is_linklocal_ip($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_linklocal_ip($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv4 or IPv6
link-local unicast network.
.SS "is_loopback_ip($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_loopback_ip($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address is the IPv4 or IPv6 loopback
address.
.SS "is_multicast_ip($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_multicast_ip($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv4 or IPv6
multicast network.
.SS "is_private_ip($ip)"
.IX Subsection "is_private_ip($ip)"
This subroutine checks whether the address belongs to the IPv4 or IPv6 private
network.
.SH "OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE"
.IX Header "OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE"
This module can also be used as a class. You can call \f(CW\*(C`Data::Validate::IP\->new()\*(C'\fR to get an object and then call any of the
validation subroutines as methods on that object. This is somewhat pointless
since the object will never contain any state but this interface is kept for
backwards compatibility.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
IPv4
.PP
\&\fB[\s-1RFC 5735\s0] [\s-1RFC 1918\s0]\fR
.PP
IPv6
.PP
\&\fB[\s-1RFC 2460\s0] [\s-1RFC 4193\s0] [\s-1RFC 4291\s0] [\s-1RFC 6434\s0]\fR
.SH "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
.IX Header "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
Thanks to Richard Sonnen <\fIsonnen@richardsonnen.com\fR> for writing the
Data::Validate module.
.PP
Thanks to Matt Dainty <\fImatt@bodgit\-n\-scarper.com\fR> for adding the
\&\f(CW\*(C`is_multicast_ipv4()\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`is_linklocal_ipv4()\*(C'\fR code.
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
Please report any bugs or feature requests to
\&\f(CW\*(C`bug\-data\-validate\-ip@rt.cpan.org\*(C'\fR, or through the web interface at
<http://rt.cpan.org>. I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be
notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.
.PP
Bugs may be submitted at <https://github.com/houseabsolute/Data\-Validate\-IP/issues>.
.SH "SOURCE"
.IX Header "SOURCE"
The source code repository for Data-Validate-IP can be found at <https://github.com/houseabsolute/Data\-Validate\-IP>.
.SH "AUTHORS"
.IX Header "AUTHORS"
.IP "\(bu" 4
Neil Neely <neil@neely.cx>
.IP "\(bu" 4
Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>
.SH "CONTRIBUTOR"
.IX Header "CONTRIBUTOR"
Gregory Oschwald <goschwald@maxmind.com>
.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
This software is copyright (c) 2022 by Neil Neely.
.PP
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
.PP
The full text of the license can be found in the
\&\fI\s-1LICENSE\s0\fR file included with this distribution.