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Filename : cc_set_passwords.py
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# Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Canonical Ltd.
# Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
#
# Author: Scott Moser <scott.moser@canonical.com>
# Author: Juerg Haefliger <juerg.haefliger@hp.com>
#
# This file is part of cloud-init. See LICENSE file for license information.
"""Set Passwords: Set user passwords and enable/disable SSH password auth"""

import logging
import random
import re
import string
from typing import List

from cloudinit import features, lifecycle, subp, util
from cloudinit.cloud import Cloud
from cloudinit.config import Config
from cloudinit.config.schema import MetaSchema
from cloudinit.distros import ALL_DISTROS, Distro, ug_util
from cloudinit.log import log_util
from cloudinit.settings import PER_INSTANCE
from cloudinit.ssh_util import update_ssh_config

meta: MetaSchema = {
    "id": "cc_set_passwords",
    "distros": [ALL_DISTROS],
    "frequency": PER_INSTANCE,
    "activate_by_schema_keys": [],
}

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def get_users_by_type(users_list: list, pw_type: str) -> list:
    """either password or type: RANDOM is required, user is always required"""
    return (
        []
        if not users_list
        else [
            (item["name"], item.get("password", "RANDOM"))
            for item in users_list
            if item.get("type", "hash") == pw_type
        ]
    )


def _restart_ssh_daemon(distro: Distro, service: str, *extra_args: str):
    try:
        distro.manage_service("restart", service, *extra_args)
        LOG.debug("Restarted the SSH daemon.")
    except subp.ProcessExecutionError as e:
        LOG.warning(
            "'ssh_pwauth' configuration may not be applied. Cloud-init was "
            "unable to restart SSH daemon due to error: '%s'",
            e,
        )


def handle_ssh_pwauth(pw_auth, distro: Distro):
    """Apply sshd PasswordAuthentication changes.

    @param pw_auth: config setting from 'pw_auth'.
                    Best given as True, False, or "unchanged".
    @param distro: an instance of the distro class for the target distribution

    @return: None"""
    service = distro.get_option("ssh_svcname", "ssh")

    cfg_name = "PasswordAuthentication"

    if isinstance(pw_auth, str):
        lifecycle.deprecate(
            deprecated="Using a string value for the 'ssh_pwauth' key",
            deprecated_version="22.2",
            extra_message="Use a boolean value with 'ssh_pwauth'.",
        )
    if util.is_true(pw_auth):
        cfg_val = "yes"
    elif util.is_false(pw_auth):
        cfg_val = "no"
    else:
        bmsg = f"Leaving SSH config '{cfg_name}' unchanged."
        if pw_auth is None or pw_auth.lower() == "unchanged":
            LOG.debug("%s ssh_pwauth=%s", bmsg, pw_auth)
        else:
            LOG.warning("%s Unrecognized value: ssh_pwauth=%s", bmsg, pw_auth)
        return

    updated = update_ssh_config({cfg_name: cfg_val})
    if not updated:
        LOG.debug("No need to restart SSH service, %s not updated.", cfg_name)
        return

    if distro.uses_systemd():
        state = subp.subp(
            [
                "systemctl",
                "show",
                "--property",
                "ActiveState",
                "--value",
                service,
            ]
        ).stdout.strip()
        if state.lower() in ["active", "activating", "reloading"]:
            # This module runs Before=sshd.service. What that means is that
            # the code can only get to this point if a user manually starts the
            # network stage. While this isn't a well-supported use-case, this
            # does cause a deadlock if started via systemd directly:
            # "systemctl start cloud-init.service". Prevent users from causing
            # this deadlock by forcing systemd to ignore dependencies when
            # restarting. Note that this deadlock is not possible in newer
            # versions of cloud-init, since starting the second service doesn't
            # run the second stage in 24.3+. This code therefore exists solely
            # for backwards compatibility so that users who think that they
            # need to manually start cloud-init (why?) with systemd (again,
            # why?) can do so.
            _restart_ssh_daemon(
                distro, service, "--job-mode=ignore-dependencies"
            )
    else:
        _restart_ssh_daemon(distro, service)


def handle(name: str, cfg: Config, cloud: Cloud, args: list) -> None:
    distro: Distro = cloud.distro
    if args:
        # if run from command line, and give args, wipe the chpasswd['list']
        password = args[0]
        if "chpasswd" in cfg and "list" in cfg["chpasswd"]:
            del cfg["chpasswd"]["list"]
    else:
        password = util.get_cfg_option_str(cfg, "password", None)

    expire = True
    plist: List = []
    users_list: List = []

    if "chpasswd" in cfg:
        chfg = cfg["chpasswd"]
        users_list = util.get_cfg_option_list(chfg, "users", default=[])
        if "list" in chfg and chfg["list"]:
            lifecycle.deprecate(
                deprecated="Config key 'lists'",
                deprecated_version="22.3",
                extra_message="Use 'users' instead.",
            )
            if isinstance(chfg["list"], list):
                LOG.debug("Handling input for chpasswd as list.")
                plist = util.get_cfg_option_list(chfg, "list", plist)
            else:
                lifecycle.deprecate(
                    deprecated="The chpasswd multiline string",
                    deprecated_version="22.2",
                    extra_message="Use string type instead.",
                )
                LOG.debug("Handling input for chpasswd as multiline string.")
                multiline = util.get_cfg_option_str(chfg, "list")
                if multiline:
                    plist = multiline.splitlines()

        expire = util.get_cfg_option_bool(chfg, "expire", expire)

    if not (users_list or plist) and password:
        (users, _groups) = ug_util.normalize_users_groups(cfg, distro)
        (user, _user_config) = ug_util.extract_default(users)
        if user:
            plist = ["%s:%s" % (user, password)]
        else:
            LOG.warning("No default or defined user to change password for.")

    errors = []
    if plist or users_list:
        # This section is for parsing the data that arrives in the form of
        #   chpasswd:
        #     users:
        plist_in = get_users_by_type(users_list, "text")
        users = [user for user, _ in plist_in]
        hashed_plist_in = get_users_by_type(users_list, "hash")
        hashed_users = [user for user, _ in hashed_plist_in]
        randlist = []
        for user, _ in get_users_by_type(users_list, "RANDOM"):
            password = rand_user_password()
            users.append(user)
            plist_in.append((user, password))
            randlist.append(f"{user}:{password}")

        # This for loop is for parsing the data that arrives in the deprecated
        # form of
        #   chpasswd:
        #     list:
        # N.B. This regex is included in the documentation (i.e. the schema
        # docstring), so any changes to it should be reflected there.
        prog = re.compile(r"\$(1|2a|2y|5|6)(\$.+){2}")
        for line in plist:
            u, p = line.split(":", 1)
            if prog.match(p) is not None and ":" not in p:
                hashed_plist_in.append((u, p))
                hashed_users.append(u)
            else:
                # in this else branch, we potentially change the password
                # hence, a deviation from .append(line)
                if p == "R" or p == "RANDOM":
                    p = rand_user_password()
                    randlist.append("%s:%s" % (u, p))
                plist_in.append((u, p))
                users.append(u)
        if users:
            try:
                LOG.debug("Changing password for %s:", users)
                distro.chpasswd(plist_in, hashed=False)
            except Exception as e:
                errors.append(e)
                util.logexc(
                    LOG, "Failed to set passwords with chpasswd for %s", users
                )

        if hashed_users:
            try:
                LOG.debug("Setting hashed password for %s:", hashed_users)
                distro.chpasswd(hashed_plist_in, hashed=True)
            except Exception as e:
                errors.append(e)
                util.logexc(
                    LOG,
                    "Failed to set hashed passwords with chpasswd for %s",
                    hashed_users,
                )

        if len(randlist):
            blurb = (
                "Set the following 'random' passwords\n",
                "\n".join(randlist),
            )
            log_util.multi_log(
                "%s\n%s\n" % blurb, stderr=False, fallback_to_stdout=False
            )

        if expire:
            users_to_expire = users
            if features.EXPIRE_APPLIES_TO_HASHED_USERS:
                users_to_expire += hashed_users
            expired_users = []
            for u in users_to_expire:
                try:
                    distro.expire_passwd(u)
                    expired_users.append(u)
                except Exception as e:
                    errors.append(e)
                    util.logexc(LOG, "Failed to set 'expire' for %s", u)
            if expired_users:
                LOG.debug("Expired passwords for: %s users", expired_users)

    handle_ssh_pwauth(cfg.get("ssh_pwauth"), distro)

    if len(errors):
        LOG.debug("%s errors occurred, re-raising the last one", len(errors))
        raise errors[-1]


def rand_user_password(pwlen=20):
    if pwlen < 4:
        raise ValueError("Password length must be at least 4 characters.")

    # There are often restrictions on the minimum number of character
    # classes required in a password, so ensure we at least one character
    # from each class.
    res_rand_list = [
        random.choice(string.digits),
        random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase),
        random.choice(string.ascii_uppercase),
        random.choice(string.punctuation),
    ]

    res_rand_list.extend(
        list(
            util.rand_str(
                pwlen - len(res_rand_list),
                select_from=string.digits
                + string.ascii_lowercase
                + string.ascii_uppercase
                + string.punctuation,
            )
        )
    )
    random.shuffle(res_rand_list)
    return "".join(res_rand_list)