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Filename : modules.py
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# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Canonical Ltd.
# Copyright (C) 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
#
# Author: Chuck Short <chuck.short@canonical.com>
# Author: Juerg Haefliger <juerg.haefliger@hp.com>
#
# This file is part of cloud-init. See LICENSE file for license information.

import copy
import logging
from inspect import signature
from types import ModuleType
from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional

from cloudinit import (
    config,
    importer,
    lifecycle,
    performance,
    type_utils,
    util,
)
from cloudinit.distros import ALL_DISTROS
from cloudinit.helpers import ConfigMerger
from cloudinit.reporting.events import ReportEventStack
from cloudinit.settings import FREQUENCIES
from cloudinit.stages import Init

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# This prefix is used to make it less
# of a chance that when importing
# we will not find something else with the same
# name in the lookup path...
MOD_PREFIX = "cc_"

# List of modules that have removed upstream. This prevents every downstream
# from having to create upgrade scripts to avoid warnings about missing
# modules.
REMOVED_MODULES = [
    "cc_migrator",  # Removed in 24.1
    "cc_rightscale_userdata",  # Removed in 24.1
]

RENAMED_MODULES = {
    "cc_ubuntu_advantage": "cc_ubuntu_pro",  # Renamed 24.1
}


class ModuleDetails(NamedTuple):
    module: ModuleType
    name: str
    frequency: str
    run_args: List[str]


def form_module_name(name):
    canon_name = name.replace("-", "_")
    if canon_name.lower().endswith(".py"):
        canon_name = canon_name[0 : (len(canon_name) - 3)]
    canon_name = canon_name.strip()
    if not canon_name:
        return None
    if not canon_name.startswith(MOD_PREFIX):
        canon_name = "%s%s" % (MOD_PREFIX, canon_name)
    return canon_name


def validate_module(mod, name):
    if (
        not hasattr(mod, "meta")
        or "frequency" not in mod.meta
        or "distros" not in mod.meta
    ):
        raise ValueError(
            f"Module '{mod}' with name '{name}' MUST have a 'meta' attribute "
            "of type 'MetaSchema'."
        )
    if mod.meta["frequency"] not in FREQUENCIES:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Module '{mod}' with name '{name}' has an invalid frequency "
            f"{mod.meta['frequency']}."
        )
    if hasattr(mod, "schema"):
        raise ValueError(
            f"Module '{mod}' with name '{name}' has a JSON 'schema' attribute "
            "defined. Please define schema in cloud-init-schema,json."
        )


def _is_active(module_details: ModuleDetails, cfg: dict) -> bool:
    activate_by_schema_keys_keys = frozenset(
        module_details.module.meta.get("activate_by_schema_keys", {})
    )
    if not activate_by_schema_keys_keys:
        return True
    if not activate_by_schema_keys_keys.intersection(cfg.keys()):
        return False
    return True


class Modules:
    def __init__(self, init: Init, cfg_files=None, reporter=None):
        self.init = init
        self.cfg_files = cfg_files
        # Created on first use
        self._cached_cfg: Optional[config.Config] = None
        if reporter is None:
            reporter = ReportEventStack(
                name="module-reporter",
                description="module-desc",
                reporting_enabled=False,
            )
        self.reporter = reporter

    @property
    def cfg(self) -> config.Config:
        # None check to avoid empty case causing re-reading
        if self._cached_cfg is None:
            merger = ConfigMerger(
                paths=self.init.paths,
                datasource=self.init.datasource,
                additional_fns=self.cfg_files,
                base_cfg=self.init.cfg,
            )
            self._cached_cfg = merger.cfg
        # Only give out a copy so that others can't modify this...
        return copy.deepcopy(self._cached_cfg)

    def _read_modules(self, name) -> List[Dict]:
        """Read the modules from the config file given the specified name.

        Returns a list of module definitions. E.g.,
        [
            {
                "mod": "bootcmd",
                "freq": "always",
                "args": "some_arg",
            }
        ]

        Note that in the default case, only "mod" will be set.
        """
        module_list: List[dict] = []
        if name not in self.cfg:
            return module_list
        cfg_mods = self.cfg.get(name)
        if not cfg_mods:
            return module_list
        for item in cfg_mods:
            if not item:
                continue
            if isinstance(item, str):
                module_list.append(
                    {
                        "mod": item.strip(),
                    }
                )
            elif isinstance(item, (list)):
                contents = {}
                # Meant to fall through...
                if len(item) >= 1:
                    contents["mod"] = item[0].strip()
                if len(item) >= 2:
                    contents["freq"] = item[1].strip()
                if len(item) >= 3:
                    contents["args"] = item[2:]
                if contents:
                    module_list.append(contents)
            elif isinstance(item, (dict)):
                contents = {}
                valid = False
                if "name" in item:
                    contents["mod"] = item["name"].strip()
                    valid = True
                if "frequency" in item:
                    contents["freq"] = item["frequency"].strip()
                if "args" in item:
                    contents["args"] = item["args"] or []
                if contents and valid:
                    module_list.append(contents)
            else:
                raise TypeError(
                    "Failed to read '%s' item in config, unknown type %s"
                    % (item, type_utils.obj_name(item))
                )
        return module_list

    def _fixup_modules(self, raw_mods) -> List[ModuleDetails]:
        """Convert list of returned from _read_modules() into new format.

        Invalid modules and arguments are ignored.
        Also ensures that the module has the required meta fields.
        """
        mostly_mods = []
        for raw_mod in raw_mods:
            raw_name = raw_mod["mod"]
            freq = raw_mod.get("freq")
            run_args = raw_mod.get("args") or []
            mod_name = form_module_name(raw_name)
            if not mod_name:
                continue
            if freq and freq not in FREQUENCIES:
                lifecycle.deprecate(
                    deprecated=(
                        f"Config specified module {raw_name} has an unknown"
                        f" frequency {freq}"
                    ),
                    deprecated_version="22.1",
                )
                # Misconfigured in /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg. Reset so cc_* module
                # default meta attribute "frequency" value is used.
                freq = None
            if mod_name in RENAMED_MODULES:
                lifecycle.deprecate(
                    deprecated=(
                        f"Module has been renamed from {mod_name} to "
                        f"{RENAMED_MODULES[mod_name]}. Update any"
                        " references in /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg"
                    ),
                    deprecated_version="24.1",
                )
                mod_name = RENAMED_MODULES[mod_name]
            mod_locs, looked_locs = importer.find_module(
                mod_name, ["", type_utils.obj_name(config)], ["handle"]
            )
            if not mod_locs:
                if mod_name in REMOVED_MODULES:
                    LOG.info(
                        "Module `%s` has been removed from cloud-init. "
                        "It may be removed from `/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg`.",
                        mod_name[3:],  # [3:] to remove 'cc_'
                    )
                else:
                    LOG.warning(
                        "Could not find module named %s (searched %s)",
                        mod_name,
                        looked_locs,
                    )
                continue
            mod = importer.import_module(mod_locs[0])
            validate_module(mod, raw_name)
            if freq is None:
                # Use cc_* module default setting since no cloud.cfg overrides
                freq = mod.meta["frequency"]
            mostly_mods.append(
                ModuleDetails(
                    module=mod,
                    name=raw_name,
                    frequency=freq,
                    run_args=run_args,
                )
            )
        return mostly_mods

    def _run_modules(self, mostly_mods: List[ModuleDetails]):
        cc = self.init.cloudify()
        # Return which ones ran
        # and which ones failed + the exception of why it failed
        failures = []
        which_ran = []
        for mod, name, freq, args in mostly_mods:
            try:
                LOG.debug(
                    "Running module %s (%s) with frequency %s", name, mod, freq
                )

                # Mark it as having started running
                which_ran.append(name)
                # This name will affect the semaphore name created
                run_name = f"config-{name}"

                desc = "running %s with frequency %s" % (run_name, freq)
                myrep = ReportEventStack(
                    name=run_name, description=desc, parent=self.reporter
                )
                func_args = {
                    "name": name,
                    "cfg": self.cfg,
                    "cloud": cc,
                    "args": args,
                }

                with myrep:
                    func_signature = signature(mod.handle)
                    func_params = func_signature.parameters
                    if len(func_params) == 5:
                        lifecycle.deprecate(
                            deprecated="Config modules with a `log` parameter",
                            deprecated_version="23.2",
                        )
                        func_args.update({"log": LOG})

                    with performance.Timed("", log_mode="skip") as timer:
                        ran, _r = cc.run(
                            run_name, mod.handle, func_args, freq=freq
                        )
                    if ran:
                        myrep.message = (
                            f"{run_name} ran successfully and "
                            f"took {timer.delta:.3f} seconds"
                        )
                    else:
                        myrep.message = "%s previously ran" % run_name

            except Exception as e:
                util.logexc(LOG, "Running module %s (%s) failed", name, mod)
                failures.append((name, e))
        return (which_ran, failures)

    def run_single(self, mod_name, args=None, freq=None):
        # Form the users module 'specs'
        mod_to_be = {
            "mod": mod_name,
            "args": args,
            "freq": freq,
        }
        # Now resume doing the normal fixups and running
        raw_mods = [mod_to_be]
        mostly_mods = self._fixup_modules(raw_mods)
        return self._run_modules(mostly_mods)

    def run_section(self, section_name):
        """Runs all modules in the given section.

        section_name - One of the modules lists as defined in
          /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg. One of:
         - cloud_init_modules
         - cloud_config_modules
         - cloud_final_modules
        """
        raw_mods = self._read_modules(section_name)
        mostly_mods = self._fixup_modules(raw_mods)
        distro_name = self.init.distro.name

        skipped = []
        forced = []
        overridden = self.cfg.get("unverified_modules", [])
        inapplicable_mods = []
        active_mods = []
        for module_details in mostly_mods:
            (mod, name, _freq, _args) = module_details
            if mod is None:
                continue
            worked_distros = mod.meta["distros"]
            if not _is_active(module_details, self.cfg):
                inapplicable_mods.append(name)
                continue
            # Skip only when the following conditions are all met:
            #  - distros are defined in the module != ALL_DISTROS
            #  - the current d_name isn't in distros
            #  - and the module is unverified and not in the unverified_modules
            #    override list
            if worked_distros and worked_distros != [ALL_DISTROS]:
                if distro_name not in worked_distros:
                    if name not in overridden:
                        skipped.append(name)
                        continue
                    forced.append(name)
            active_mods.append([mod, name, _freq, _args])

        if inapplicable_mods:
            LOG.info(
                "Skipping modules '%s' because no applicable config "
                "is provided.",
                ",".join(inapplicable_mods),
            )
        if skipped:
            LOG.info(
                "Skipping modules '%s' because they are not verified "
                "on distro '%s'.  To run anyway, add them to "
                "'unverified_modules' in config.",
                ",".join(skipped),
                distro_name,
            )
        if forced:
            LOG.info("running unverified_modules: '%s'", ", ".join(forced))

        return self._run_modules(active_mods)